{"id":4082,"date":"2019-03-20T17:07:59","date_gmt":"2019-03-21T01:07:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/?page_id=4082"},"modified":"2020-03-23T07:41:22","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T15:41:22","slug":"online-ordering-star-anise-fruits","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/online-ordering-star-anise-fruits\/","title":{"rendered":"AHP Monographs &#8211; Chinese and Japanese Star Anise Fruits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\">[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;]<div class=\"center\"><div  class=\"swmsc_image_lightbox  image_center\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaaaaa;\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swmsc_image_lightbox_img\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/ahp-illicium-differences-cover-425w.jpg\" class=\"\" style=\"border-radius:0px;\" \/><div class=\"swmsc_img_overlay\" style=\"border-radius:0px;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/chinese-and-japanese-star-anise-fruits\" title=\"\" target=\"_self\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i class=\"fa fa-link\"><\/i>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div  class=\"clear swmsc_gap\" style=\"margin:24px 0 0 0;\"><\/div><div  class=\"swmsc_button_div center swmsc_btn_196289322\" ><a href=\"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.com\/collections\/frontpage\/products\/chinese-and-japanese-star-anise-fruits\" data-class=\"swmsc_btn_196289322\" data-color=\"#ffffff\" data-bg-color=\"#e28000\" data-border-color=\"\" data-h-color=\"#ffffff\" data-h-bg-color=\"#ffbb00\" data-h-border-color=\"\"  class=\"swmsc_button_sc\" style=\"font-size:20px; border-width:0px; border-radius:48px; padding:10px 30px; line-height:48px;\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"\">PURCHASE<\/a><\/div><div  class=\"clear swmsc_gap\" style=\"margin:24px 0 0 0;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;]<div  class=\"swmsc_tabs tabs_horizontal tab_align_left content_with_border \" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"tab-nav tab-clearfix\"><li><a href=\"#swmsc-tab-1\"><i class=\"fa fa-- Select Icon -\"><\/i>Description<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#swmsc-tab-2\"><i class=\"fa fa-- Select Icon -\"><\/i>Table of Contents<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"swmsc-tab-1\" class=\"swmsc_tab\">\n<h4 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><b>Chinese and Japanese Star Anise Fruits<\/b><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>Star anise (<em>Illicium verum<\/em> and <em>Illicium anisatum<\/em>) is widely used worldwide as a digestive aid, including its use in babies for colic, which is an especially popular practice in South America. However, <em>Illicium<\/em> species contain sesquiterpene lactones that have been associated with neurotoxicity. Japanese star anise (<em>I. anisatum<\/em>), also known as shikimi and a very common adulterant on the true star anise market, contains higher concentration of these lactones and has been associated with many toxic events in children, most notably, convulsions that have been reported since the late 1800s. There are subtle morphological and sensory differences between the fruits, but admixtures are very difficult to discern, requiring more sensitive chromatographic methods for the detection of shikimic acid.<\/p>\n<p>The AHP monograph provides a detailed review of the toxicity, history of adulteration, and botanical, morphological, microscopic, organoleptic, and chemical differences between the two species. Analytical methods for differentiating between the species include colorimetric assays used by early pharmacognosists (in a simple color reaction test shikimi gives a yellow color and true star anise a pink to red color), HPTLC, and an HPLC-MS method that is routinely used in the European Union to prevent <em>Illicium<\/em> adulteration. As with all AHP monographs, the <em>Illicium<\/em> document provides detailed photographic images of the true and adulterating species, along with clear images of the colorimetric assay and HPTLC chromatograms. Perhaps most importantly, the AHP <em>Illicium<\/em> monograph provides commentary on the strengths and limitations of the various testing methodologies for differentiating between the species.<\/p>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div><\/div><div id=\"swmsc-tab-2\" class=\"swmsc_tab\">\n<style>\n       .errordiv { padding:10px; margin:10px; border: 1px solid #555555;color: #000000;background-color: #f8f8f8; width:500px; }#advanced_iframe {visibility:visible;opacity:1;vertical-align:top;}.ai-info-bottom-iframe { position: fixed; z-index: 10000; bottom:0; left: 0; margin: 0px; text-align: center; width: 100%; background-color: #ff9999; padding-left: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px; border-top: 1px solid #aaa } a.ai-bold {font-weight: bold;}#ai-layer-div-advanced_iframe p {height:100%;margin:0;padding:0}<\/style><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var ai_iframe_width_advanced_iframe = 0;var ai_iframe_height_advanced_iframe = 0;var aiOnloadScrollTop=\"iframe\";var aiExtraSpace=100;var aiShowDebug=false;\n\t\tif (typeof aiReadyCallbacks === 'undefined') {\n\t\t\tvar aiReadyCallbacks = [];\n\t\t} else if (!(aiReadyCallbacks instanceof Array)) {\n\t\t\tvar aiReadyCallbacks = [];\n\t\t}    function aiShowIframeId(id_iframe) { jQuery(\"#\"+id_iframe).css(\"visibility\", \"visible\");    }    function aiResizeIframeHeight(height) { aiResizeIframeHeight(height,advanced_iframe); }    function aiResizeIframeHeightId(height,width,id) {aiResizeIframeHeightById(id,height);}<\/script><iframe id=\"advanced_iframe\"  name=\"advanced_iframe\"  src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/gview?url=http:\/\/s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com\/ahpaccess01\/monograph-tocs\/ahp-illicium-differences-toc.pdf&#038;embedded=true\"  width=\"100%\"  height=\"600\"  scrolling=\"auto\"  frameborder=\"0\"  border=\"0\"  allowtransparency=\"true\"  loading=\"lazy\"  style=\";width:100%;height:600px;\"  allowfullscreen  onload='aiResizeIframe(this, &quot;true&quot;,&quot;1&quot;);;aiScrollToTop(&quot;advanced_iframe&quot;,&quot;iframe&quot;)' ><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">var ifrm_advanced_iframe = document.getElementById(\"advanced_iframe\");var hiddenTabsDoneadvanced_iframe = false;\nfunction resizeCallbackadvanced_iframe() {}<\/script><script type=\"text\/javascript\"><\/script>\n<div class=\"clear\"><\/div><\/div>\n\t\t   \t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"clear\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]<div  class=\"clear swmsc_gap\" style=\"margin:50px 0 0 0;\"><\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][vc_column width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4082","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4082","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4082"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4082\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4457,"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4082\/revisions\/4457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/herbal-ahp.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4082"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}